UGG Bolso

The University of Maryland space physics group specializes in measurements of space plasmas and of suprathermal and energetic ions found in solar, planetary, and interplanetary environments. The work for which the group is internationally recognized includes studies of the composition and ionization states of the solar wind, solar energetic particles, and interstellar neutral atoms which have been "picked up" in the solar wind. This work, carried on at Maryland since the late 1960s, has given key insights into solar energetic particle acceleration and conditions in the solar atmosphere.Other work has provided fundamental information about the energizing of particles by traveling interplanetary shocks and such diverse topics as the origin of oxygen and sulfur ions in Jupiter's magnetosphere from the volcanoes on the moon Io and the composition and energy content of the Earth's radiation belts.The plasma and energetic particle observations carried out by the Space Physics Group require novel instrumentation carried on Earth-orbiting satellites and deep-space probes. Instruments are designed and constructed on campus by the group's technical staff, with participation by graduate as well as undergraduate students.Experiments built by the group are currently operating on 13 spacecraft, including Cassini. Other missions carrying the group's sensors include the Voyager deep-space probes, the Ulysses probe to the solar poles and near-Earth missions such as Geotail, the Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX), WIND, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE).Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:WATCH FRIDAY'S SCIENCE NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:THURSDAY'S NEWS BRIEFING ON CASSINI'S FIRST PICTURES VIDEO:RING PICTURES ARE PRESENTED WITH EXPERT NARRATION VIDEO:CASSINI RE-DISCOVERS TINY MOONS ATLAS AND PAN VIDEO:CASSINI BOOMING SOUNDS FROM BOW-SHOCK CROSSING VIDEO:CASSINI BEGINS ENGINE FIRING TO ENTER ORBIT VIDEO:BURN ENDS SUCCESSFULLY TO PUT CASSINI IN ORBIT VIDEO:POST-ARRIVAL NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:WEDNESDAY'S 12 P.M. EDT CASSINI STATUS BRIEFING VIDEO:A LOOK AT INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION VIDEO:'RING-SIDE CHAT' ABOUT SPACE EXPLORATION VIDEO:AN OVERVIEW OF CASSINI'S RADIO SCIENCE VIDEO:TUESDAY'S CASSINI MISSION OVERVIEW BRIEFING VIDEO:CASSINI'S ARRIVAL AT SATURN EXPLAINED VIDEO:SCIENCE OBJECTIVES FOR CASSINI ORBITER VIDEO:HUYGENS LANDER SCIENCE OBJECTIVES Ferryflight Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!"The Final Mission" - NASA emblem developed for the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft crew and their support teams to deliver the orbiters to their final destinations at museums.Columbia ReportA reproduction of the official accident investigation report into the loss of the space shuttle Columbia and its crew of seven. Choose your store: - - - Mars PanoramaDISCOUNTED! This 360 degree image was taken by the Mars Pathfinder, which landed on the Red Planet in July 1997. The Sojourner Rover is visible in the image. Choose your store:Apollo 11 Mission ReportApollo 11 - The NASA Mission Reports Vol. 3 is the first comprehensive study of man's first mission to another world is revealed in all of its startling complexity. Includes DVD!Choose your store: - - - Rocket DVDIf you've ever watched a launch from Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Vandenberg Air Force Base or even Kodiak Island Alaska, there's no better way to describe what you witnessed than with this DVD.Choose your store: - - - Soviet SpaceFor the first time ever available in the West. Rocket & Space Corporation Energia: a complete pictorial history of the Soviet/Russian Space Program from 1946 to the present day all in full color. Available from our store.Choose your store: - - - Viking patchThis embroidered mission patch celebrates NASA's Viking Project which reached the Red Planet in 1976.Choose your store: - - - Apollo 7 DVDFor 11 days the crew of Apollo 7 fought colds while they put the Apollo spacecraft through a workout, establishing confidence in the machine what would lead directly to the bold decision to send Apollo 8 to the moon just 2 months later. Choose your store: - - - Gemini 12Gemini 12: The NASA Mission Reports covers the voyage of James Lovell and Buzz Aldrin that capped the Gemini program's efforts to prove the technologies and techniques that would be needed for the Apollo Moon landings. Includes CD-ROM.Choose your store: - - - Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Saturn in full view for Cassini spacecraft CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: August 2, 2004Two weeks after orbit insertion, Cassini glanced back at Saturn, taking in the entire planet and its expansive rings. Currently it is summer in Saturn's southern hemisphere. Notable here is the bright spot located near the planet's southern hemisphere, where the line from the day and night side of the planet meets. The angle of illumination hints at Saturn's tilt relative to the Sun. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload a larger version of image The image was taken in visible red light with the Cassini spacecraft wide angle camera on July 13, 2004, from a distance of about 5 million kilometers (3.1 million miles) from Saturn. The Sun-Saturn-spacecraft, or phase angle of this image is 95 degrees. The image scale is 299 kilometers (186 miles) per pixel. Contrast has been enhanced slightly to aid visibility. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Saturn in infrared CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: June 18, 2004 Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version Saturn's bright equatorial band displays an exquisite swirl near the planet's eastern limb. This image was taken with the Cassini spacecraft's narrow angle camera on May 18, 2004, from a distance of 23.4 million kilometers (14.5 million miles) from Saturn.The camera used a filter sensitive to absorption and scattering of sunlight by methane gas in the infrared (centered at 889 nanometers). The image scale is 139 kilometers (86 miles) per pixel.No contrast enhancement has been performed on this image. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Saturn lightning, rotation discoveries made UNIVERSITY OF IOWA NEWS RELEASEPosted: December 20, 2004As NASA's Cassini spacecraft approached Saturn last July, it found evidence that lightning on the planet is roughly one million times stronger than lightning on Earth.That's just one of several Cassini findings that University of Iowa Space Physicist Don Gurnett will present in a paper published in Science Express, an online version of the journal Science, andin a talk delivered at a meeting of the AmericanGeophysical Union in San Francisco.Other findings include:Cassini impacted dust particles as it traversed Saturn's rings.Saturn's radio rotation rate varies.The comparison between Saturn's enormously strong lightning and Earth'slightning began several years ago as the Cassini spacecraft preparedfor its journey to Saturn by swinging past the Earth to receive agravitational boost. At that time, Cassini started detecting radio signalsfrom Earth's lightning as far out as 89,200 kilometers from the Earth'ssurface. In contrast, as Cassini approached Saturn, it started detectingradio signals from lightning about 161 million kilometers from the planet."This means that radio signals from Saturn's lightning are on the order ofone million times stronger than Earth's lightning. That's just astonishingto me!" says Gurnett, who notes that some radio signals have been linkedto storm systems observed by the Cassini imaging instrument.Earth's lightning is commonly detected on AM radios, a technique similar tothat used by scientists monitoring signals from Cassini.Regarding Saturn's rings, Gurnett says that the Cassini Radio and PlasmaWave Science (RPWS) instrument detected large numbers of dust impacts onthe spacecraft. Gurnett and his science team found that as Cassiniapproached the inbound ring plane crossing, the impact rate began toincrease dramatically some two minutes before the ring plane crossing,then reached a peak of more than 1,000 per second at almost exactly thetime of the ring plane crossing, and finally decreased to pre-existinglevels about two minutes later.Gurnett notes that the particles areprobably quite small, only a few microns in diameter, otherwise they wouldhave damaged the spacecraft.Finally, variations in Saturn's radio rotation rate came as a surprise.Based upon more than one year of Cassini measurements, the rate is 10hours 45 minutes and 45 seconds, plus or minus 36 seconds. That's about sixminutes longer than the value recorded by the Voyager 1 and 2 flybys ofSaturn in 1980-81.Scientists use the rotation rate of radio emissionsfrom the giant gas planets such as Saturn and Jupiter to determine therotation rate of the planets themselves because the planets have no solidsurfaces and are covered by clouds that make direct visual measurementsimpossible.Gurnett suggests that the change in the radio rotation rate is difficult toexplain."Saturn is unique in that its magnetic axis is almost exactlyaligned with its rotational axis. That means there is no rotationallyinduced wobble in the magnetic field, so there must be some secondaryeffect controlling the radio emission. We hope to nail that down duringthe next four to eight years of the Cassini mission."One possible scenario was suggested nearly 20 years ago. Writing in theMay 1985 issue of "Geophysical Research Letters," Alex J. Dessler, a seniorresearch scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University ofArizona, argued that the magnetic fields of gaseous giant planets, such asSaturn and Jupiter, are more like that of the sun than of the Earth. Thesun's magnetic field does not rotate as a solid body. Instead, its rotationperiod varies with latitude.Commenting earlier this year on the work ofGurnett and his team, Dessler said, "This finding is very significantbecause it demonstrates that the idea of a rigidly rotating magnetic fieldis wrong. Saturn's magnetic field has more in common with the sun than theEarth. The measurement can be interpreted as showing that the part ofSaturn's magnetic field that controls the radio emissions has moved to ahigher latitude during the last two decades."The radio sounds of Saturn's rotation - resembling a heartbeat - andother sounds of space can be heard by visiting Gurnett's Web site at:.Cassini, carrying 12 scientific instruments, on June 30, 2004 became thefirst spacecraft to orbit Saturn and begin a four-year study of the planet,its rings and its 31 known moons. The $1.4 billion spacecraft is part ofthe $3.3 billion Cassini-Huygens Mission that includes the Huygens probe,a six-instrument European Space Agency probe, scheduled to land on Titan,Saturn's largest moon, in January 2005.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the EuropeanSpace Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of theCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. manages theCassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington,D.C. JPLdesigned, developed and assembled the Cassini orbiter.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Saturn Orbit Insertion is a time of nervous anticipation BY WILLIAM HARWOOD